Process of making metal-clad bullets.



c. H. A. F. L. ROSS. PROCE$S OF MAKING METAL GLAD BULLETS.

212 Patented Apr. 15, 1913.

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awmmbc'm v G. H. A. F. L. ROS'S.

PROCESS or MAKING METAL GLAD BULLETS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 9, 1912.

1,059,212. Pat nted Apr. 15, 1913.

2 BHEBTS"'SHEET 2.

UNITED snares PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES HENRY AUGUSTUS FREDERICK LOCKIIART ROSS, OF BALNAGOWN CASTLE,

' COUNTY OF ROSS, SCOTLAND.

PROCESS OF MAKING METAL-GLAD BULLETS.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES HENRY Aocusrus FREDERICK LOCKHART Ross, a subject of the King of England, residing at Balnagown Castle, county of Ross, Scotland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Making Metal- Clad Bullets; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This inventionrelates to a process of making metal clad bullets or pro ectiles, and-has for its object to substantially orcompletely inclose the core of such bulletsat both ends, while providing an accurate exterior contour, and'a solid core or an interior cavity, as may be desired. 1

With these and other objects in view, the

invention consists in the novel steps and combinations of steps constituting my process more fully hereinafter disclosed and particularly pointedout in the claims. Referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification in whlch like numerals designate like parts in all the views :-Figure 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view illustrating one of the ste s of drawing the outer casing or jacket 0 my bullet; Fig. 2 a view similar to Fig. 1,

illustrating the step. of forcing the "metal core into the jacket shown in Fig. 1, and at. the same time causing the bottom of said jacket to assume a concaved shape; Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 .are diagrammatic sectional. views illustrating various steps employedin closing the open end-portion of the jacket by swaging operations, when the core is to completely fill the jacket; Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are views similar to Figs. 3 to 7,

illustrating like steps when the core is to only partially fill the jacket in the completed bullet; Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a portion of a 'swaging machine suitable for carrying out the foregoing sWa ing steps Fig. 14 is an elevational view part y in section of a finished bullet wherein the core completely fills the j acket;and, Fig.

15 is a view similar to Fig. 14;, wherein the core only partially'fills the jacket.

% In carrying out my (invention, I first force the jacket 1 by means of a lunger '2, through suitable dies 3, to draw t e same to the required dimensions, whereupon the core filled.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 15, 1913.

Application filed January 9, 191 2. I Serial N 0. 670,346.

purpose, and in Fig. 131 have lllustrated a well known form in which the power is transmitted through the pulley 8, and the shaft 9, to the hammers 7, and in which the sald hammers are caused to rapidly revolve past the rollers 10, which cause the said hammers to rapidly reciprocate and deliver blows in quick succession to the said open end of the jacket 1. The said hammers are further'so shaped as to produce thedesired contour on the tapered end 11 of the finished bullet shown in Fig. 14.

When it is desired to produce a bullet of high penetrative power for military purposes, the lead core 4 is chosen of such dimensions that it will completely fill the jacket 1 in the finished bullet, and these dimensions may be suitably determined as follows:-A piece of lead 'of about the dimensions" dictated by calculation is chosen, and a bullet is made therewith. The finished bullet is then cut open and the quantities of lead in'the subsequent bullets made are increased or diminished according to the knowledge gained by the examination thus made. When the exact quantity of lead required to .fill the jacket is finally determined, it is noted, and all the bullets made thereafter will be found to be completely Of course, other methods may be employed for determining the properquantities of lead, but the above empirical method is found to be expeditious and entirely satisfactory.

Supposing the upper end of the quantity of lead necessary tomake the bullet shown in Fig. 14, extends to the line ab, Fig. 2, then should it be desired to make a bullet with a cavity 13,'such as is illustrated in Fig. 15, it is only necessary to permit the upper end of. the lead to extend to say the line c--a3 in Fig. 2. Should itbe desired to decrease or increase the cavity 13 in Fig. 15,

then it is'only necessary to raise or lower the upper end of the filling 4 in Fig. 2.

In other words, it is evident that by regulating the quantity of lead/employed, the cavities 13 may be of any desired size, and therefore the bullet may be given any desired qualities of expansion upon impact.

When expanding bullets are to be made, by my process, and the quantity of lead to be employed has been determined, then the jacket 1 is substantially or completely closed by the series of swaging steps illustrated in Figs. 8 to'12 and the finished biillet will appear substantially as illustrated in. Fig. 15. In fact, so complete is the control of the amount of lead in my bullet, that I may use any quantity of lead from that necessary to completely fill the jacket to the smallest quantity, or even none at all, during the swaging process. In other words, I can produce a hollow bullet by, my method completely closed at each end and containing no filling at all.

The concavity 6 provided in my bullets are not absolutely essential, but are very useful in permitting the powder gases to slightly expand the base of the bullet and thereby cause a more accurate fit with the rifiing.

A bullet'or projectile'made in accordance with my process possesses the important advantage of being closed at both ends. Heretofore processes for making bullets of this character have required that at least one end of the bullet be left open in order to insert the filling material. It resulted from this that if the base of the bullet was left open,

the pressurejofthe powder gases, which is about fifteen tons or higher to the square inch, coming upon the filling material 4: was liable to force said material through the pointed end of the casing 1, while the bullet was still in the -rifling, and thereupon cause what is technically known as stripping. In order to avoid this, it has been necessary ,to make the point of the bullet stronger than is necessary in my invention, and it has also been usual to turn-in the rim of the base of. the casing to further strengthen the jacket. On the other hand, when the point of the bullet was left open,

, tary uses.

then it was essential to cause the base of the jacket to completely cover the filling, for otherwise the filling 4 would be orced through the jacket and cause strip-ping almost every time high powered bullets were fired. Bullets open at their pointed end, however, invariablyexpand upon impact and are therefore not permitted for mili- Further, they are not as accurate as are the closed end expanding bullets made in accordance with my invention and illustrated in Fig. .15. i

From the foregoing it will be clear that my process aflords a ready and convenient means of making a bullet partially or'completely closed at both ends, and also of makmg a military, or an, expanding bullet for sporting purposes, at will.

It is obvious that those skilled in the art may vary the steps above disclosed without departing from the spirit of my invention, and therefore I "do not wish to be limited to said disclosure except as may be required by the claims.

What I claim is:

1. The process of .making bullets, which consists in suitably drawing to the required body dimensions of the bulleta tube having one end closed; and by successive hammer blows suitably shaping and closing the other end of said tube to complete the outer contour of said bullet, substantially as described. v I

2. The process of making bullets, which consists in suitably drawing to the required body dimensions of the bullet a tube having one end closed; placing a predetermined quantity of a filling material in said tube;

shaping and closing the other end of said tube tocomplete the outer contour of said bullet, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof,-'I aifix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES AUGUSTUS FREDERICK LOUKHAR'I ROSS.

Witnesses:

P. VVM. PATNAUDE, WV. CAMPBELL.

and by successive hammer blows suitably 

